What is a Q code?
Q codes are three-letter groups beginning with Q that originated as concise operating shorthand. Common amateur radio examples include QTH for location, QRM for interference and QSL for an acknowledgement or confirmation. Their meaning depends on context; many have questions and corresponding statements.
RST and voice signal reports
RST is a three-part report for Readability, Strength and Tone, widely used for CW. Voice contacts commonly use RS, readability and strength, without a tone digit. A signal report should reflect what was actually heard, not be a ceremonial “five and nine” automatically given to everyone.
The value of 73
The traditional closing “73” conveys best regards. Radio operators also say CQ when inviting contacts. Brevity can be friendly, but never at the expense of a new operator understanding what is being said.
A welcoming operating style
Give your callsign clearly, listen before transmitting and allow sufficient gaps for others. If an unfamiliar operator needs a little extra time, that is a reason for patience rather than criticism.